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Sì, la sonda DART ha deviato un asteroide; nuove immagini post-impatto anche da LICIACube dell’ASI
Ultimo aggiornamento: 2022/10/12 10:30.
Un comunicato stampa della NASA ha annunciato che l’analisi dei dati ottenuti nelle ultime due settimane dal team investigativo della sonda Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) della NASA mostra che l’impatto sperimentale del veicolo spaziale con l’asteroide bersaglio, Dimorphos, avvenuto il 26 settembre scorso, ha alterato con successo l’orbita dell’asteroide stesso. È la prima volta che viene modificato di proposito il moto di un corpo celeste. Questa è anche la prima dimostrazione su larga scala di una tecnologia di deviazione di un asteroide.
Prima dell’impatto di DART, Dimorphos impiegava 11 ore e 55 minuti per orbitare intorno all’asteroide Didymos. L’osservazione telescopica dalla Terra ha consentito di misurare la variazione di questo periodo orbitale, che ora è sceso a 11 ore e 23 minuti (con un margine di incertezza di circa due minuti in più o in meno). In altre parole, il periodo orbitale di Dimorphos è stato variato di circa 32 minuti dalla sonda. Secondo il comunicato NASA, la variazione minima accettabile per considerare la missione un successo era di 73 secondi.
Le osservazioni telescopiche continuano, e ora si tratta di misurare l’efficienza del trasferimento della quantità di moto della collisione, avvenuta a circa 22.530 chilometri l’ora, e di comprendere meglio le proprietà fisiche dell’asteroide colpito. A quanto risulta, l’eiezione di molte tonnellate di roccia asteroidale prodotta dall’impatto ha amplificato notevolmente la spinta della sonda DART contro Dimorphos “un po’ come un getto d’aria che esce da un palloncino manda il palloncino nella direzione opposta”, dice la NASA.
L’analisi proseguirà anche studiando le immagini di Dimorphos ottenute durante le fasi finali di avvicinamento di DART dalla sonda stessa e subito dopo l’impatto grazie al mini-satellite Light Italian CubeSat for Imaging of Asteroids (LICIACube), fornito dall’Agenzia Spaziale Italiana.
Tra circa quattro anni è previsto anche il progetto Hera dell’Agenzia Spaziale Europea per svolgere indagini dettagliate sia su Dimorphos che su Didymos, con attenzione particolare al cratere lasciato dalla collisione di DART e alla misurazione precisa della massa di Dimorphos.
La NASA sottolinea che “Né Dimorphos né Didymos rappresentano un pericolo per la Terra, prima o dopo la collisione controllata di DART con Dimorphos.” Maggiori informazioni sulla missione DART sono presso www.nasa.gov/dart.
Questo è il testo integrale del comunicato stampa della NASA:
Analysis of data obtained over the past two weeks by NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) investigation team shows the spacecraft’s kinetic impact with its target asteroid, Dimorphos, successfully altered the asteroid’s orbit. This marks humanity’s first time purposely changing the motion of a celestial object and the first full-scale demonstration of asteroid deflection technology.
“All of us have a responsibility to protect our home planet. After all, it’s the only one we have,” said NASA Administrator Bill Nelson. “This mission shows that NASA is trying to be ready for whatever the universe throws at us. NASA has proven we are serious as a defender of the planet. This is a watershed moment for planetary defense and all of humanity, demonstrating commitment from NASA’s exceptional team and partners from around the world.”
Prior to DART’s impact, it took Dimorphos 11 hours and 55 minutes to orbit its larger parent asteroid, Didymos. Since DART’s intentional collision with Dimorphos on Sept. 26, astronomers have been using telescopes on Earth to measure how much that time has changed. Now, the investigation team has confirmed the spacecraft’s impact altered Dimorphos’ orbit around Didymos by 32 minutes, shortening the 11 hour and 55-minute orbit to 11 hours and 23 minutes. This measurement has a margin of uncertainty of approximately plus or minus 2 minutes.
Before its encounter, NASA had defined a minimum successful orbit period change of Dimorphos as change of 73 seconds or more. This early data show DART surpassed this minimum benchmark by more than 25 times.
“This result is one important step toward understanding the full effect of DART’s impact with its target asteroid” said Lori Glaze, director of NASA’s Planetary Science Division at NASA Headquarters in Washington. “As new data come in each day, astronomers will be able to better assess whether, and how, a mission like DART could be used in the future to help protect Earth from a collision with an asteroid if we ever discover one headed our way.”
The investigation team is still acquiring data with ground-based observatories around the world – as well as with radar facilities at NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory’s Goldstone planetary radar in California and the National Science Foundation’s Green Bank Observatory in West Virginia. They are updating the period measurement with frequent observations to improve its precision.
Focus now is shifting toward measuring the efficiency of momentum transfer from DART’s roughly 14,000-mile (22,530-kilometer) per hour collision with its target. This includes further analysis of the “ejecta” – the many tons of asteroidal rock displaced and launched into space by the impact. The recoil from this blast of debris substantially enhanced DART’s push against Dimorphos – a little like a jet of air streaming out of a balloon sends the balloon in the opposite direction.
To successfully understand the effect of the recoil from the ejecta, more information on of the asteroid’s physical properties, such as the characteristics of its surface, and how strong or weak it is, is needed. These issues are still being investigated.
“DART has given us some fascinating data about both asteroid properties and the effectiveness of a kinetic impactor as a planetary defense technology,” said Nancy Chabot, the DART coordination lead from the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) in Laurel, Maryland. “The DART team is continuing to work on this rich dataset to fully understand this first planetary defense test of asteroid deflection.”
For this analysis, astronomers will continue to study imagery of Dimorphos from DART’s terminal approach and from the Light Italian CubeSat for Imaging of Asteroids (LICIACube), provided by the Italian Space Agency, to approximate the asteroid’s mass and shape. Roughly four years from now, the European Space Agency’s Hera project is also planned to conduct detailed surveys of both Dimorphos and Didymos, with a particular focus on the crater left by DART’s collision and a precise measurement of Dimorphos’ mass.
Johns Hopkins APL built and operated the DART spacecraft and manages the DART mission for NASA’s Planetary Defense Coordination Office as a project of the agency’s Planetary Missions Program Office. Telescopic facilities contributing to the observations used by the DART team to determine this result include: Goldstone, Green Bank Observatory, Swope Telescope at the Las Campanas Observatory in Chile, the Danish Telescope at the La Silla Observatory in Chile, and the Las Cumbres Observatory global telescope network facilities in Chile and in South Africa.
Neither Dimorphos nor Didymos poses any hazard to Earth before or after DART’s controlled collision with Dimorphos.
For more information about the DART mission, visit: https://www.nasa.gov/dart
—
Intanto l’ufficio stampa dell’Agenzia Spaziale Italiana segnala che durante la conferenza stampa della NASA che ha presentato gli aggiornamenti riguardanti a missione DART, il presidente dell’ASI, Giorgio Saccoccia, ha mostrato le ultime immagini elaborate provenienti dal satellite LICIACube, con dei video in timelapse che ritraggono l’impatto a partire da alcuni secondi prima fino a circa 30 dopo.
Il satellite italiano ha realizzato in totale 627 immagini; finora ne sono arrivate sulla Terra 326. “Una volta ricevute tutte le immagini, queste saranno oggetto di studi scientifici che ci daranno maggiori informazioni sulla nube creata dall’impatto e in particolare per caratterizzarne la struttura e la sua evoluzione. Altro importante risultato è la raccolta di immagini degli emisferi degli asteroidi non visibili a DART, utili a definire la forma e densità dei corpi celesti.” scrive l’ASI.
L’ASI sottolinea inoltre che LICIACube è un progetto dell’Agenzia, è stato realizzato interamente negli stabilimenti della società Argotec di Torino ed è il primo satellite costruito in Italia ad affrontare un viaggio nello spazio profondo. Anche il team di LICIACube è tutto italiano e comprende ricercatori del Politecnico di Milano, delle Università di Bologna e Parthenope di Napoli e dell’IFAC-CNR di Firenze, coordinati dall’Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica (INAF).
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A $100 billion opportunity to boost digital exports in Latin America
The World Trade Organization recently predicted global trade growth will slow sharply next year, and the World Bank believes that declining growth rates will undermine efforts to reduce poverty. Meanwhile, inflation, high energy prices and fiscal pressures are in focus for policymakers everywhere.
Against this gloomy backdrop, one area that remains a source of optimism is the potential for digital transformation to jumpstart economic growth and create new opportunities — particularly for micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) who often are most vulnerable to economic downturns. As more people and businesses come online, particularly in emerging markets, the internet continues to create new opportunities for businesses to export and grow.
A report that we’re launching today gives us a sense of the scale of the opportunity, estimating that the right investments in digital transformation can boost the exports of six Latin American countries up to $140 billion annually, by 2030 – a four-fold increase over current levels.
“The Digital Sprinters”
Today’s report builds on our 2020 Digital Sprinters framework, which offered a blueprint for how emerging economies can accelerate their digital transformation with investments in four key areas:
- Infrastructure: Investing in digital connectivity and secure and environmentally sustainable infrastructure, including smart management.
- People: Preparing people across all communities for the jobs of the future by helping to skill and train them for the digital economy.
- Technological innovation: Deploying technological innovation that can unlock new opportunities. Increasing the use of data, artificial intelligence, and cloud computing, to create efficiencies and enable economic growth.
- Public policies: Creating a predictable regulatory ecosystem that promotes competitiveness, open markets, interoperable regulatory standards, and tax regimes based on international standards.
Digital Exports in Latin America
To assess the potential for Latin America, we commissioned new research to better understand digital exports and their potential to impact six economies in the region. The results are noteworthy. Overall, researchers projected digital exports to contribute more than 2% of GDP for Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Uruguay by 2030, or approximately $140 billion per year – an increase from the current $34 billion, or 0.8% of GDP.
The research identifies three ways in which the digitization is changing trade in Latin America:
- Easier access to new markets. The lion’s share of current and potential economic gains come from digital tools that facilitate access to overseas markets, making it easier to sell abroad. What previously required heavy upfront investment and navigating complex bureaucratic processes can today be handled online, often on a smartphone or tablet. Over 60% of economic growth is fuelled by tools like online ads, which are regularly served to consumers abroad. Cloud services are another driver of digital exports, enabled by new infrastructure investments in the region, like Google’s “Cloud Regions” in Santiago, Chile, and São Paulo, Brazil.
- New products. The second area, making up over a third of expected gains, are exports of a growing array of new digital products and services. Think of mobile apps that find a global audience through the Play Store or other platforms. More than 2.5 billion people in over 190 countries use Google Play every month. And more than 2 million developers work with us to build their businesses and reach people around the globe. Video streaming is another example where content produced in one country can easily be exported. Paying out over $6 billion to content creators between 2021 and 2022, YouTube is enabling content and culture to transcend borders.
- Digitization of trade procedures. A third area that is contributing to export growth is the overall digitalization of trade processes. Think paperless procedures at the border or in ports, email or online forms instead of phone calls, or Cloud computing or artificial intelligence technologies to simplify formerly complex trade machinery while shrinking the cost. Google Translate supports more than 100 languages, it can translate entire websites, scanned documents or pictures, enabling seamless communication across borders. While not counted in overall estimates, digitalization of trade would bring additional efficiencies to trade balances.
A big opportunity for small businesses
Leveraging digitization for exports is already taking place today. For example, Doris Canseco opened a traditional flower shop in Mexico, but the limited local market led her to move online. Using Google Ads to get the word out about her business, Flores de Oaxaca’s customers in Europe, the United States and Canada, among other places. The business doubled in size and today online sales account for between 60 and 85 percent of its total revenue.
Similarly, Germán Garmendia was born in the small town of Copiapó, in the Atacama desert in Chile. A shy and quiet child, his mother signed him up for drama classes. A few years later, Germán started posting videos online. Today, he is one of the world’s most popular YouTubers, with more than 43 million subscribers on HolaSoyGerman and 46 million on JuegaGerman, and has used the platform to break into other fields.
Doris’ and Germán’s stories reflect a broader trend in Latin America and beyond, where digital tools are democratizing access to the global economy and creating new opportunities that didn’t exist a generation ago. The new report suggests that governments, together with the private sector and civil society, should adopt policies and invest to reinforce this trend.
Compelling data for governments and policymakers
The report looked at how policymakers can unlock export opportunities in a way that is inclusive and sustainable. Based on prior experience across Latin America, they identified 11 recommendations across five areas, which are aligned with the Digital Sprinters framework: — (1) lead from the top, (2) build physical capital, (3) develop human capital, (4) enhance competitiveness, and (5) enable technology usage. While progress and priorities vary among countries, the most common recommendations involve boosting digital infrastructure, digital skilling, digital security and policies that promote trade.
How Google is supporting economic inclusivity through exports
The report estimates that Google’s digital products enabled 13% of the export growth across these economies in 2021. We are proud of this contribution and look forward to supporting future growth. We’re also committed to supporting entrepreneurship and skills development across the region.
When we opened our Google for Startups campus in Brazil in 2016, there were no “unicorns” — startups valued at $1 billion or more – in the region. Today, there are 35, including 13 that have been part of our Google for Startups programs. Many of these startups develop digital exports, provide their services across borders, and help traditional small businesses to grow. With investment, resources and training from Google, we have supported more than 450 startups in the region. These startups have gone on to raise more than $9 billion in investments while creating 25,000 jobs.
We’re also supporting digital skills—like cross-border marketing online — which are key to unlocking opportunities for entrepreneurs. Through our Grow with Google program and Google.org grantees, we’ve trained nearly eight million people across Latin America in digital skills since 2017. To build on this momentum, we’ve recently announced that we’ll provide Google Career Certificate scholarships to train one million more people in Latin America — opening paths to well-paying jobs in high-growth fields.
Next Steps
At a time of global macroeconomic uncertainty, it is more important than ever to double down on digitally-led trade growth . We hope this research we are releasing today sheds further light on the opportunities and policies needed to achieve them —and helps communities and policymakers in Latin America as they seek to harness digital transformation to become Digital Sprinters.



